Taking a low dose of daily aspirin is known for its potential health benefits, particularly in reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes in certain individuals. Additionally, researchers are exploring whether daily aspirin use can prevent cancer or reduce the risk of cancer recurrence, especially in colorectal cancer.
Several studies have found that regular aspirin use, or the use of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), may lower the risk of developing colorectal cancer and polyps. Previous research has also suggested that aspirin might help prevent colorectal cancer from returning.
A recent study investigated the effects of daily aspirin in 626 individuals with colorectal cancer and a genetic mutation called PIK3CA. Over a period of three years, participants were divided into two groups: one group took a daily low dose of aspirin, while the other group took a placebo. The results were promising—those who took aspirin had a 55% lower likelihood of their cancer returning compared to those who took the placebo.
This study, presented at the 2025 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, adds to the growing body of research on aspirin’s role in cancer prevention. However, it’s important to note that the research on aspirin and cancer prevention is ongoing, and the data has sometimes been conflicting. Dr. Matthew B. Yurgelun, a medical oncologist at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, emphasized that while the role of aspirin in cancer prevention has been widely studied, the results have not always been conclusive.
Benefits vs. Risks of Daily Aspirin Use
There are several reasons a doctor might recommend a low dose of aspirin, particularly for those at higher risk of heart attack or stroke. Aspirin works by thinning the blood, which helps prevent blood clots from forming. For individuals already taking aspirin for heart-related issues, there may be an additional benefit of reducing colorectal cancer risk.
However, taking aspirin daily is not without its risks. It’s important to understand the potential dangers, which include:
- Increased Risk of Bleeding: Aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding, especially for older adults or individuals on other medications that affect blood clotting, such as NSAIDs like ibuprofen or blood thinners like warfarin.
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Aspirin can cause inflammation in the stomach and small intestine, leading to ulcers and bleeding. This risk is amplified when drinking alcohol or combining aspirin with other NSAIDs.
- Allergic Reactions: While most reactions are mild, some people may experience more severe allergic reactions to aspirin.
If you are considering taking aspirin regularly, it's crucial to discuss it with your doctor to ensure it’s appropriate for you. Some important questions to ask include:
- What are the potential benefits of taking aspirin every day?
- What are the risks associated with regular aspirin use?
- Based on my individual health profile, would taking daily aspirin be a beneficial option for me?
Ultimately, while the potential benefits of aspirin in reducing cancer risk are promising, it is essential to weigh them against the risks, particularly if you are already managing other health conditions. Your doctor can provide personalized advice based on your specific health needs.